CHAPTER III - FORM AND SPACE

1.    FORM AND SPACE: THE UNITY OF OPPOSITES

 

Form and space can be related to positive and negative space, where a form is usually seen as the positive element and space as the negative element that defines the positive. Our interpretation of the two opposing elements is based on our existing knowledge or understanding of something, and this perception can be altered simultaneously.

In the example, the relation between positive and negative space can be shown, which the architecture itself is the volumetric form hence the positive space, and the space that surrounds it being the negative space.

2.    DEFINING SPACE WITH HORIZONTAL ELEMENTS

 

The three-dimensional space can be defined by two-dimensional planes in multiple ways. And the horizontal planes includes the base plane, elevated plane, depressed plane, and the overhead plane. 

In the example, the rooftop, which is the OVERHEAD PLANE is located on the top and it can not only define edges and boundaries with the space that surrounds it, but also the volume of space from the plane itself down to the base plane on the ground. This umbrella-like structure also offers a sense of enclosure and security to the structure.

3.    DEFINING SPACE WITH VERTICAL ELEMENTS

 

A space can be defined by vertical elements, which don’t really have a role in directing movement when appearing by itself on the horizontal plane, instead it marks a position on the plane.

The example image is the interior of the Parthenon, which shows PARALLEL PLANES. As shown in the diagram, though the columns stand up in total verticality and only mark positions when seen seperately, when combined together they can play a role in directing movement for visitor. They are also functional as structural support and aesthetically pleasing as carriers of carvings and reliefs.

4.    QUALITIES OF ARCHITECTURAL SPACE

 

The architectural qualities of a volumetric space can define the space, in which variations or changes can lead to a totally different atmosphere for people. The qualities include view, light, and degree of closure.

In the example, the opening on the ceiling introduces natural LIGHT which defines, distinguishes and illuminates the texture, pattern and shapes of the forms in the space. The appearance of natural light also creates a sense of liveliness.

5.    OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING ELEMENTS

 

An opening in space-defining elements is crucial, as it can act to break the boundaries and connect spaces. When the openings are between planes, it can enable people’s movements and interactions with space. And when the openings are within planes or at corners, it brings in lighting source.

For the example image, I choose a photo that shows the concept of opening AT CORNERS. This type of opening is creates a sense of direction and diagonality and aid to redefine the space. It is also capable of introducing natural light to the two adjacent walls and activate the entire space.

Image reference:

Passive House by Malboeuf Bowie Architecture - Energy Efficient Smart Home in Seattle, Washington. (2016). Retrieved from https://www.dwell.com/article/the-new-home-on-the-block-that-uses-90-percent-less-energy-8ebaeb90

Stevens, P. (2017). shen ting tseng architects designs 'floating' pavilion in taipei. 

Retrieved from https://www.designboom.com/architecture/shen-ting-tseng-architects-floating-pavilion-taipei-fine-art-museum-taiwan-05-01-2017/

Greece: Secrets of the Past - The Parthenon. 

Retrieved from https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/civil/greece/gr1130e.html

Rose House | Zoka Zola Architecture + Urban Design | Archinect. 

Retrieved from https://archinect.com/firms/project/7030388/rose-house/76045479

“Дом в Шри-Ланке По Дизайну Тадао Андо.” Pinterest, 

Pinterest, www.pinterest.com/pin/332351647496219195/.